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Free Tax Tool

Estimated Tax Calculator

Model the IRC 6654 required annual payment from your 2025 return figures and expected 2026 income, withholding, and credits: the smaller of 90% of current-year tax or 100% / 110% of prior-year tax, the gate that applied and why, and the four installments by due date. Every result states the assumptions it rests on.

Enter Your Information

2026 Filing Status

Sets the standard deduction, brackets, surtax thresholds, and the married-filing-separately $75,000 prior-year AGI gate.

2026 income you expect

Total Box 1 wages from all 2026 W-2s. Used for the income-tax and NJ GIT components.

Enter only the Social Security wages (Boxes 3 + 7) of the person who has the self-employment income. Do not include a spouse's wages. If left blank, the model uses Box 1 wages for single, head-of-household, and separate filers, and $0 on a joint return. This screen models one self-employed person.

Total Box 5 wages from all W-2s, for Additional Medicare Tax. Leave blank only if it equals Box 1.

Schedule C net profit plus general-partner self-employment earnings (Schedule K-1 (Form 1065), box 14, code A, including guaranteed payments). Do NOT include S-corporation K-1 box 1 income; it is not subject to SE tax (enter S-corp W-2 wages in the W-2 field instead). Enter S-corporation K-1 ordinary income under Other Income; the tool then treats it as investment income for the 3.8% NIIT, which overstates NIIT for an owner who works in the business.

Short-term gains are taxed at ordinary rates; include them in Other Income. Losses are not modeled.

Interest, non-qualified dividends, rental income, short-term gains, pensions, and similar. The whole entry is treated as net investment income for NIIT.

Deductions (all optional)

Your allowable 2026 Schedule A total after applicable limits (the SALT cap is $40,400 for 2026, or $20,200 if married filing separately, and phases down above $505,000 of modified AGI, or $252,500 if married filing separately). The model uses the higher of this amount or the $16,100 standard deduction for your filing status.

Only an allowable federal IRC 162(l) / Form 7206 deduction attributable to the self-employment income above. This tool does not test eligibility.

Only an allowable deductible contribution attributable to the modeled business. This tool does not calculate plan eligibility or contribution limits.

Enter the deduction you expect to claim; this tool does not compute it. It is applied as entered and cannot exceed taxable income before the deduction. Above the section 199A(e)(2) threshold ($201,750 single or head of household, $201,775 married filing separately, $403,500 married filing jointly, Rev. Proc. 2025-32) the SSTB, W-2 wage, and UBIA limits can reduce or eliminate it. The deduction is generally limited to 20% of taxable income less net capital gain, but for 2026 a taxpayer with at least $1,000 of qualified business income from an active business can claim a minimum of $400.

2026 withholding, payments, and credits

W-2 Box 2, plus any Additional Medicare Tax your employer withholds (the part of Box 6 above 1.45% of Box 5), plus other federal income tax you expect to be withheld during the year. Withholding is treated as paid in four equal parts on the installment dates (IRC 6654(g)).

Form 1040-ES amounts already paid for 2026. Applied to the earliest installments first.

Nonrefundable credits (reduce income tax only, not below zero), such as the nonrefundable child tax credit, education credits, and the saver's credit. They cannot offset self-employment tax, Additional Medicare Tax, or NIIT (Form 1040-ES (2026) worksheet lines 7-8).

Refundable credits (earned income credit, additional child tax credit, net premium tax credit, refundable American opportunity credit, refundable adoption credit, fuel tax credit, section 1341 credit), other than withholding and estimated payments. They come off after every tax is added (worksheet line 11b). The safe-harbor gates measure tax after both kinds of credit (IRC 6654(f)).

If a preparer or your own workpapers already give you a 2026 federal tax after credits (the Form 2210, line 4 figure), enter it and the safe-harbor gates will use it instead of this tool's modeled components. Leave blank to use the modeled figure.

Your 2025 return (prior-year safe-harbor gate)

IRC 6654(d)(1)(B) sets the required annual payment at the smaller of 90% of the 2026 tax or 100% of the tax shown on the 2025 return (110% if 2025 AGI exceeded $150,000, or $75,000 when filing separately, IRC 6654(d)(1)(C)). The prior-year gate is only available with a filed 2025 return that covered 12 months. Reaching the annual figure also requires paying each required installment by its due date; a late catch-up does not erase an earlier-quarter shortfall.

Example: NJ Self-Employed, Married Filing Jointly, $150K Net Income (2026)

Quarterly estimated tax payment schedule example for a NJ self-employed MFJ taxpayer
ComponentFederalNJ State
SE Tax (federal only)$21,194N/A
Income Tax~$9,795~$5,402
Total Annual Tax~$30,990~$5,402
Required installment (90% gate ÷ 4, no 2025 return entered)~$6,973Not modeled

The installment row is one-quarter of the IRC 6654(d)(1)(B)(i) gate (90% of the modeled 2026 tax), not one-quarter of the annual tax, because this example enters no 2025 return figures, no withholding, and no credits; with a filed 12-month 2025 return the prior-year gate (100%, or 110% above $150,000 of 2025 AGI) can be the smaller and would replace it. Under these inputs the four installments deliberately total less than the annual line, and the remainder would be settled with the return. The example assumes the deductible half of SE tax, the 2026 MFJ standard deduction ($32,200), and an entered QBI deduction of about $21,441 (20% of taxable income before the deduction, which is the cap that binds at this income); the interactive calculator never computes QBI itself. The NJ column is NJ Gross Income Tax after the basic personal exemption with no federal QBI or standard deduction; NJ-1040-ES amounts are not modeled here. Federal installments are due April 15, June 15, September 15, 2026 and January 15, 2027. Use the contact form for a computed installment schedule under an accepted engagement.

How Quarterly Estimated Taxes Work

Income that is not subject to withholding can create an estimated-tax requirement, but the income type alone does not decide it. Federal estimated payments generally begin with an expected balance of at least $1,000 after withholding and refundable credits, followed by the current-year/prior-year tests and exceptions, including the no-prior-year-tax exception. New Jersey applies its own expected-balance, safe-harbor, and exception rules.

When Estimated Taxes Are Due

Federal estimated tax payments (Form 1040-ES) and NJ estimated payments (NJ-1040-ES) are due four times per year:

  • • Q1: April 15
  • • Q2: June 15
  • • Q3: September 15
  • • Q4: January 15 of the following year

The Safe Harbor Rule

The annual federal safe-harbor target is generally at least 100% of your prior year's tax liability (110% if prior-year AGI exceeded $150,000, or $75,000 when the current year's filing status is married filing separately) through withholding and estimated payments. Alternatively, the target can be 90% of your current year's actual liability. The prior-year alternative is only available when a return was filed for the prior year and that year covered 12 months (IRC 6654(d)(1)(B)); spouses who change filing status between years allocate the prior-year tax under Pub 505 rules, which the calculator flags but does not perform. Required installments must also be timely; meeting the annual target late does not eliminate an earlier-quarter underpayment.

For NJ, current Form NJ-2210 generally computes underpayment interest from the smaller of 80% of the current year's tax or 100% of the prior year's tax. N.J.S.A. 54A:9-6(d)(3) separately states a 110% high-income exception, but the Division says it imposes interest using the 100%-prior/80%-current calculation.

How to Pay

  • • Federal: IRS Direct Pay or your IRS Online Account (both free). EFTPS no longer accepts new individual enrollments; existing users can still use it for now.
  • • NJ: NJ Division of Taxation online payment portal

Self-employed? See if S-Corp election could lower your tax bill.

The S-Corp Tax Comparison Calculator compares modeled sole-proprietor SE tax with owner-employee FICA and listed NJ entity-compliance costs.

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Tax advice disclaimer: This material is for general educational information only and is not legal, tax, or accounting advice for your specific facts. A CPA-client relationship is formed only through a signed engagement letter.