Free Tax Tool
Estimated Tax Calculator
Model the IRC 6654 required annual payment from your 2025 return figures and expected 2026 income, withholding, and credits: the smaller of 90% of current-year tax or 100% / 110% of prior-year tax, the gate that applied and why, and the four installments by due date. Every result states the assumptions it rests on.
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Example: NJ Self-Employed, Married Filing Jointly, $150K Net Income (2026)
| Component | Federal | NJ State |
|---|---|---|
| SE Tax (federal only) | $21,194 | N/A |
| Income Tax | ~$9,795 | ~$5,402 |
| Total Annual Tax | ~$30,990 | ~$5,402 |
| Required installment (90% gate ÷ 4, no 2025 return entered) | ~$6,973 | Not modeled |
The installment row is one-quarter of the IRC 6654(d)(1)(B)(i) gate (90% of the modeled 2026 tax), not one-quarter of the annual tax, because this example enters no 2025 return figures, no withholding, and no credits; with a filed 12-month 2025 return the prior-year gate (100%, or 110% above $150,000 of 2025 AGI) can be the smaller and would replace it. Under these inputs the four installments deliberately total less than the annual line, and the remainder would be settled with the return. The example assumes the deductible half of SE tax, the 2026 MFJ standard deduction ($32,200), and an entered QBI deduction of about $21,441 (20% of taxable income before the deduction, which is the cap that binds at this income); the interactive calculator never computes QBI itself. The NJ column is NJ Gross Income Tax after the basic personal exemption with no federal QBI or standard deduction; NJ-1040-ES amounts are not modeled here. Federal installments are due April 15, June 15, September 15, 2026 and January 15, 2027. Use the contact form for a computed installment schedule under an accepted engagement.
How Quarterly Estimated Taxes Work
Income that is not subject to withholding can create an estimated-tax requirement, but the income type alone does not decide it. Federal estimated payments generally begin with an expected balance of at least $1,000 after withholding and refundable credits, followed by the current-year/prior-year tests and exceptions, including the no-prior-year-tax exception. New Jersey applies its own expected-balance, safe-harbor, and exception rules.
When Estimated Taxes Are Due
Federal estimated tax payments (Form 1040-ES) and NJ estimated payments (NJ-1040-ES) are due four times per year:
- • Q1: April 15
- • Q2: June 15
- • Q3: September 15
- • Q4: January 15 of the following year
The Safe Harbor Rule
The annual federal safe-harbor target is generally at least 100% of your prior year's tax liability (110% if prior-year AGI exceeded $150,000, or $75,000 when the current year's filing status is married filing separately) through withholding and estimated payments. Alternatively, the target can be 90% of your current year's actual liability. The prior-year alternative is only available when a return was filed for the prior year and that year covered 12 months (IRC 6654(d)(1)(B)); spouses who change filing status between years allocate the prior-year tax under Pub 505 rules, which the calculator flags but does not perform. Required installments must also be timely; meeting the annual target late does not eliminate an earlier-quarter underpayment.
For NJ, current Form NJ-2210 generally computes underpayment interest from the smaller of 80% of the current year's tax or 100% of the prior year's tax. N.J.S.A. 54A:9-6(d)(3) separately states a 110% high-income exception, but the Division says it imposes interest using the 100%-prior/80%-current calculation.
How to Pay
- • Federal: IRS Direct Pay or your IRS Online Account (both free). EFTPS no longer accepts new individual enrollments; existing users can still use it for now.
- • NJ: NJ Division of Taxation online payment portal
Self-employed? See if S-Corp election could lower your tax bill.
The S-Corp Tax Comparison Calculator compares modeled sole-proprietor SE tax with owner-employee FICA and listed NJ entity-compliance costs.
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Open toolTax advice disclaimer: This material is for general educational information only and is not legal, tax, or accounting advice for your specific facts. A CPA-client relationship is formed only through a signed engagement letter.